FFreelanceGuide

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What should you pay in quarterly taxes?

No employer is withholding tax from your freelance income, so the IRS asks you to pre-pay it yourself — four times a year. Underpay and you owe a penalty; overpay and you've handed the government an interest-free loan. This sizes each payment from the income you actually expect, and shows every step.

Your numbers
$
Your best estimate of total 1099 / self-employment revenue for the whole year, before expenses.
$
Deductible costs for the year: software, equipment, a home-office or mileage deduction, fees. Income minus this is your net profit — what the tax is figured on.
Only changes the income level where the extra 0.9% Additional Medicare Tax kicks in.
% Your own combined federal + state income-tax rate, applied after the deductible half of SE tax. The 15% default is a placeholder — set it to your rate. Leave it at 0 to size self-employment tax alone.
$
Tax that will be withheld this year from a paycheck — yours or a spouse's. It counts toward your bill, so it's subtracted from what you owe in estimates.
$
Have a day job too? Social Security stops at the wage base across all your jobs, so day-job wages shrink the Social Security part of your freelance tax.
$
From last year's return (total tax, not the refund or balance). Enter it to see your "safe-harbor" minimum — the payment that avoids a penalty no matter how this year turns out.
The safe-harbor target is 100% of last year's tax, or 110% if last year's adjusted gross income topped $150,000.
$
The annual cap on Social Security tax. Pre-filled with the 2026 figure ($184,500); edit it for a different tax year.
Pay each quarter
$5,824/ quarter

Your 2026 payment schedule
Q1 due Apr 15, 2026
Q2 due Jun 15, 2026
Q3 due Sep 15, 2026
Q4 due Jan 15, 2027
From income to each payment
Expected freelance income
− Business expenses
Net profit
Self-employment tax
+ Additional Medicare 0.9%
+ Income tax your rate
Total tax for the year
− Already withheld
Balance due via estimates
÷ 4 =
How the SE tax is built
Net profit
× 92.35% = net earnings
Social Security
+ Medicare 2.9% of net earnings
Self-employment tax
− Deductible half lowers income-tax base
Income-tax base
× your rate = income tax

Nothing you type leaves your browser. This is an estimate, not tax advice — confirm your numbers and due dates with a CPA or enrolled agent.

How quarterly estimated taxes work

When you're an employee, your employer skims tax out of every paycheck and sends it to the IRS for you. When you're self-employed, that job becomes yours. The IRS operates on a "pay-as-you-go" system, so it expects you to estimate your tax for the year and pay it in four installments rather than in one lump sum each April. Miss them, or pay too little, and you can owe an underpayment penalty on top of the tax itself.

Your quarterly payment has to cover both taxes a freelancer owes: self-employment tax and income tax. Lumping them into a vague "set aside 30%" rule is how people end up short in April. This calculator sizes each one separately and then splits the total across the four due dates:

net profit = expected incomebusiness expenses
annual tax = SE tax + income tax (on net profit)
balance due = annual tax − tax already withheld
each payment = balance due ÷ 4

When are the 2026 payments due?

Estimated tax for the 2026 tax year is paid on four dates that don't line up with neat calendar quarters: April 15, 2026 (for income earned Jan–Mar), June 15, 2026 (Apr–May), September 15, 2026 (Jun–Aug), and January 15, 2027 (Sep–Dec). If a due date lands on a weekend or federal holiday, it rolls to the next business day. You can pay online for free through IRS Direct Pay or EFTPS, or mail a Form 1040-ES voucher.

The safe harbor: how to never owe a penalty

You don't have to predict your income perfectly. The IRS gives you a "safe harbor": pay at least the smaller of 90% of this year's actual tax or 100% of last year's total tax (110% if last year's adjusted gross income was over $150,000), and you won't owe an underpayment penalty even if you end up earning more than expected. That's why this tool asks for last year's tax — once it knows that number, it shows the lower bar you can safely aim for. Many freelancers with rising income simply pay last year's tax in four equal parts and settle the rest, penalty-free, in April.

Frequently asked questions

Do I really have to pay taxes four times a year?

If you expect to owe $1,000 or more in tax for the year after any withholding, the IRS expects quarterly estimated payments. If you also have a W-2 job (or a spouse who does), you can sometimes cover your freelance tax by increasing that withholding instead — enter it in the "already withheld" field above and the quarterly figure drops accordingly.

How much should I set aside for taxes as a freelancer?

It depends on your profit and your income-tax rate, but many freelancers land somewhere between 25% and 35% of net profit once self-employment tax and income tax are combined. Rather than guess, enter your numbers above — the calculator shows your actual effective rate and the dollar amount per quarter.

What happens if I underpay or skip a quarter?

The IRS charges an underpayment penalty, calculated like interest on the amount you were short, for the time it was late. Hitting the safe harbor (90% of this year's tax or 100–110% of last year's) avoids it entirely. Paying a little extra early is cheaper than catching up late.

Why does the calculator ask for my income-tax rate instead of working it out?

Your real income-tax rate isn't knowable from freelance income alone — it depends on your bracket, deductions, filing status, and any other household income. So we compute the self-employment tax precisely and let you supply your own combined federal + state rate for the income-tax piece. Set it to 0 to size self-employment tax on its own.

My income is uneven — can I pay different amounts each quarter?

Yes. The IRS lets you use the "annualized income" method to pay based on what you actually earned in each period, which helps if your work is seasonal or you landed a big project late in the year. This tool gives you the even-split baseline; a tax pro can help you annualize if your income is lumpy.

Is my information saved anywhere?

No. Every calculation runs entirely in your browser — nothing you type is sent to a server or stored. The link in your address bar updates so you can bookmark or share a scenario, but it only contains the numbers you chose.

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